Hepatitis C virus(HCV) infection can cause a variety of diseases, and the outbreak of HCV infection event in hemodialysis room has been reported by many countries, the main factors for infection is that there are loopholes in infection prevention and control. Literatures of HCV infection outbreak event are reviewed and relevant management documents with great influence at home and abroad are analyzed, which will help to prevent and control the spread of HCV in hemodialysis room more scientifically and reduce the risk of infection outbreak to the minimum.