Objective To explore the risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) healthcare-associated infection(HAI) after organ transplantation, and provide evidence for prevention and control of CRKP. Methods 54 hospitalized patients who were diagnosed with CRKP HAI in organ transplantation ward of a hospital from January 1, 2014 to July 31, 2018 were selected as the case group, and 27 hospitalized patients diagnosed with carbapenem-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae (CSKP) HAI during the same period were selected as the control group, retrospective case-control study was conducted. Results Infection sites of two groups of patients were mainly lower respiratory tract(42.59% and 48.15%) and surgical site (44.44% and 25.93%); except for cefazolin, resistance rates of Klebsiella pneumoniae to other 20 kinds of antimicrobial agents in two groups of patients were all statistically different (all P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that patients' age, antimicrobial use≥3 type, carbapenem use, and antifungal use before specimen detection were all associated with CRKP HAI in patients after organ transplantation(all P<0.05); multivariate analysis showed that patients' age, antimicrobial use≥3 type, and carbapenem use before specimen detection were independent risk factors for CRKP HAI in patients after organ transplantation. Conclusion Prevention and control measures of HAI in patients after organ transplantation should be strengthened according to risk factors, especially the rational use of carbapenems.