Objective To analyze risk factors and constituent pattern of pathogenic bacteria of urinary tract infection(UTI) after transurethral resection of prostate (TURP). Methods Clinical data of patients with benign prosta-tic hyperplasia undergoing TURP in department of urological surgery of a hospital were retrospectively analyzed,univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors for UTI after TURP, constituent of pathogenic bacteria in urine specimens was analyzed. Results Of 155 patients receiving TURP, 24 (15.5%) developed post-operative UTI. Univariate analysis showed that patients with UTI and patients without infection were significantly different in age, prostate size, pre-operative urinary catheterization, previous urological intervention, history of diabetes mellitus, size of resectoscope sheath, duration of operation, and temperature of irrigation fluid (all P<0.05); multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that patients' age>65 years (OR=4.18, 95% CI: 1.19-14.75, P=0.026), prostate weight>55 g (OR=3.92, 95% CI: 1.11-13.83, P=0.034), pre-operative urinary catheterization (OR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.11-0.70, P=0.006), previous urological intervention (OR=4.70, 95% CI: 1.85-11.94, P=0.001), history of diabetes mellitus (OR=2.54, 95% CI: 1.00-6.48, P=0.050), resectoscope sheath size=26F(OR=9.05, 95% CI: 1.18-69.48, P=0.034), duration of operation>60 minutes (OR=10.48, 95% CI: 1.37-80.25, P=0.024), and temperature of irrigation fluid<37℃ (OR=4.06, 95% CI: 1.57-10.50, P=0.004) were independent risk factors for UTI after TURP. A total of 23 strains of pathogenic bacteria were isolated from urine specimens of infected patients, mainly Gram-negative bacteria (78.26%), Escherichia coli accounted for 52.17% (n=12). Conclusion UTI after TURP is associated with duration of operation, size of resectoscope sheath, previous urological intervention, and prostate size, Escherichia coli is the main pathogen of infection, effective prevention of high-risk factors and rational use of antimicrobial agents can reduce the occurrence of UTI after TURP.