Objective To explore the application value of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) nucleic acid test in different population, including persons in fever clinic and isolation wards, susceptible persons as well as persons in large-scale screening, provide reference for laboratory nucleic acid test of SARS-CoV-2. Methods Laryngeal swabs from different population in People's Hospital of Zhengzhou between February 1, 2020 and March 22, 2020 were collected, including patients in fever clinic and isolation wards, anti-epidemic front-line health care workers(HCWs), hospitalized patients without symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), accompanying family members, and persons returning to work. Real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and two domestic detection kits A and B were used to test SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid in patients in fever clinic and isolation wards. Results A total of 15 497 laryngeal swabs were detected, 24 of which were positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test, nucleic acid test positive cases were all from fever clinic and isolation wards. 24 cases of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid test positive laryngeal swabs were all negative for blood specimens tested at the same time. The first laryngeal swab test results of kits A and B were identical, re-test of 2 confirmed cases after treatment were positive in kit A group and negative in kit B group. Nucleic acid test results were all negative in front-line HCWs, hospitalized patients without COVID-19 symptoms, accompanying family members and physical examination persons returning to work. Conclusion No positive results are found in the screening among the returning workers, hospitalized patients, accompanying family members and front-line epidemic prevention and control professionals, positive rate of SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid of laryngeal swab specimens is higher than that of blood specimens, positive rates of different nucleic acid test reagents are slightly different.