Objective To understand the status and influencing factors of drug abuse of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) negative men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chongqing, and explore the relationship between drug abuse and incidence of sexually transmitted diseases(STD). Methods From June 2018 to June 2019, HIV negative MSM in Chongqing were recruited, social demography, high-risk sexual behavior, STD infection and other information were collected. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the influencing factors for drug abuse, relationship between drug abuse and occurrence of STD was analyzed by Chi-square test. Results A total of 139 HIV negative MSM were recruited, 34.53% (48/139) of whom had a history of drug abuse in the recent 6 months. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that obstacle factor for drug abuse was post exposure prophylaxis; the independent risk factor for drug abuse was group intercourse with ≥ 3 men (OR=0.027, 95%CI:0.009-0.085). Incidence of STD in drug abusers was 16.67% (8/48), which was higher than that in non-drug abusers (4.40%,4/91) (P<0.05). Conclusion Drug abuse rate of HIV negative MSM in Chongqing is high, and drug abuse is more likely to lead to high-risk sexual behavior, and incidence of STD is higher.