Objective To explore the influencing factors and economic loss of infective endophthalmitis after ophthalmic operation, provide relevant evidence for the formulation of prevention and control measures as well as study of health economics. Methods Patients with infective endophthalmitis after ophthalmic operation in a hospital between January 2013 and December 2018 were selected as case group, non-infective patients of the same gender, age and hospital admission time were selected as control group for 1:3 case control study. Underlying diseases and operation status of patients were performed univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis, length of hospital stay and various hospitalization expense were compared between case group and control group. Results A total of 24 867 ophthalmic operations were investigated, 25 cases of infective endophthalmitis occurred, with an incidence of 0.10%. Incidence of infective endophthalmitis after ophthalmic operation in different years was statistically significant (P<0.05). Univariate analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, glaucoma, history of ocular trauma and stay in day care ward were the influencing factors for infective endophthalmitis after ophthalmic operation (all P<0.05); multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that diabetes mellitus, history of ocular trauma and stay in day care ward were independent risk factors for infective endophthalmitis after ophthalmic operation (all P<0.05). The median length of hospital stay in case group and control group were 12 days and 3 days respectively, difference was statistically significant (P<0.001). The median of total hospitalization expense of case group and control group were 10 477.97 and 8 042.60 yuan respectively, difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The bed fee, nursing fee and Western medicine fee of case group were all higher than those of control group, differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). Conclusion Diabetes mellitus, history of ocular trauma and stay in day care ward are the risk factors for infective endophthalmitis after ophthalmic operation, endophthalmitis can lead to prolongation of hospital stay and increase of hospitalization expense.