Interleukin-23 (IL-23) has an important relationship with chronic inflammation, researches on IL-23 are mainly focused on autoimmune diseases, some IL-23 antagonists have been used in clinical practice. For hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection-related chronic liver diseases (CLD), most studies have shown that the expression of serum IL-23 is elevated, and it may play a pro-inflammatory effect together with Th17 cells in HBV-related CLD. Current researches on IL-23 and HBV infection are mainly correlation study of clinical data, there is little exploration on mechanisms. This paper summarizes the possible mechanism of IL-23/Th17 pathway in HBV-related CLD in relevant domestic and foreign studies in recent years.