Objective To evaluate the risk factors for carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection (CRAB-BSI), evaluate the prognostic value of procalcitonin (PCT) and C-reactive protein (CRP) in patients with CRAB-BSI. Methods Patients with CRAB-BSI diagnosed in a hospital from January 2013 to August 2020 were as studied objects, according to their resistance to carbapenem, they were divided into drug-resistant group (CRAB group) and sensitive group (carbapenem-sensitive Acinetobacter baumannii, CSAB group), clinical data of two groups of patients were compared; according to the different prognosis, CRAB patients were subdivided into good prognosis group and poor prognosis group, levels of PCT and CRP within 48 hours after diagnosis of two groups of patients were compared, and predictive value of PCT and CRP for the prognosis was evaluated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Results A total of 64 patients with CRAB-BSI were included in study, including 43 cases in CRAB group and 21 cases in CSAB group. Antimicrobial use>7 days was an independent risk factor for CRAB-BSI (OR=6.198, 95%CI: 1.280-30.023). Among 43 patients with CRAB-BSI, 13 cases had a good prognosis and 30 had a poor prognosis. ROC showed that the areas under the curve of PCT, CRP and PCT combined with CRP in predicting the adverse prognosis of patients with CRAB-BSI were 0.829 (95%CI: 0.658-1.000), 0.800 (95%CI: 0.610-0.990) and 0.895 (95%CI: 0.751-1.000) respectively. Conclusion Antimicrobial use>7 days is a risk factor for CRAB-BSI, levels of serum PCT and CRP have predictive value for the prognosis of patients with CRAB-BSI.