Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) refers to the diarrhea related to antibiotics after the application of antibiotics, it is a common adverse drug reaction, and its pathogenesis has not been fully elucidated. Clostridium difficile (CD) is an anaerobic enteropathogen with spore structure, which is considered to be a common cause of AAD, more and more studies have shown that AAD is related to CD infection (CDI), but the mechanism of CD-induced AAD is not very clear. This paper elucidates the relationship between AAD and CD, analyzes the possible mechanism of CD-induced AAD and some currently existing treatment methods from multiple aspects, so as to improve the treatment and prevention of AAD.