Objective To observe the difference in microbial monitoring results of dialysis water in different sampling points, and explore high-risk links of microbial contamination in water supply pipeline. Methods According to the requirements of YY 0572—2015 "Water for hemodialysis and related therapies", 57 dialysis centers were sampled at multiple points, including water treatment system water outlet, water return outlet, connection of water inlet hose and dialysis machine, the total number of bacterial colonies and endotoxin index of dialysis water were detected. Results The qualified rates of total bacterial colonies and endotoxin in dialysis water at water outlet of water treatment system were the highest, both were 100%, followed by 96.88% and 95.31% at the water return outlet, qualified rate at the connection of water inlet hose and dialysis machine were 80.86% and 77.03% respectively, qualified rate of total bacterial colonies and endotoxin in water storage tank and liquid preparation barrel were the lowest, which were 66.67% and 83.33% respectively. Conclusion Connection of hose and dialysis machine, water storage tank and liquid preparation barrel are the main links of contamination of dialysis water, clinical disinfection should pay attention to these disinfection blind area, sampling of connection at hose and dialysis machine and other high-risk points in daily monitoring should be strengthened.