Arterial indwelling catheter is often used in the department of critical care medicine and cardiothoracic surgery as a channel for monitoring patients' invasive blood pressure and collecting arterial blood gas. Although arterial indwelling catheter has the characteristics of simple operation and low cost, poor manipulation or improper maintenance can easily lead to associated complications, including temporary arterial occlusion, pseudoaneurysm, catheter-related bloodstream infection and so on. This paper summarizes the influence of different factors on the incidence of catheter-related bloodstream infection from evidence-based point, in order to provide a theoretical basis for implementing intervention strategies.