Objective To understand the characteristics of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) in intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital, and provide scientific basis for management of HAI. Methods From January 2010 to December 2020, continuous targeted monitoring on HAI was carried out in ICU of the hospital, monitoring results of HAI in ICU patients were analyzed. Results A total of 4 901 patients were admitted to this hospital in 11 years, 400 cases of HAI occurred, incidence of HAI was 8.16%, and the adjusted HAI rate was 4.14‰ per 1 000 bed-day. Incidence of ICU in different years showed a decreasing trend with the change of year (P < 0.01). The main HAI was respiratory system infection (46.08%), there were 160 cases of device-associated infection, ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) accounted for 66.25%. Incidences of VAP, central line-associated bloodstream infection, and catheter-associated urinary tract infection were 8.64‰, 2.37‰, and 1.51‰ respectively. Utilization rate of devices decreased in different years, device-associated infection rate decreased with years (all P < 0.05). A total of 2 198 strains of pathogens were isolated, mainly Gram-negative bacteria (72.61%). Conclusion Device-associa-ted infection is still the focus of HAI in ICU, targeted monitoring on HAI in ICU should continue to be carried out, problems should be found in time, effective control measures should be taken to reduce the incidence of HAI.