Mycobacterium marinum (M. marinum) is a kind of non-tuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) and mainly causes skin and soft tissue infection. In recent years, many cases of M. marinum infection, even local outbreaks, have been reported in China. However, there is still a lack of inadequate understanding of the biological characteristics, general characteristics of genome, pathogenicity and virulence of the strains. Epidemiological and clinicopathological features, diagnosis and treatment of M. marinum, as well as clinical manifestations of skin and soft tissue infection caused by it are different, which bring great challenge to the diagnosis and treatment. This paper reviews the research progress of M. marinum.