Objective To understand the cognition status and related influencing factors of health care workers' (HCWs) knowledge towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) in a stomatology medical institution, provide thought for the prevention and control training of outbreaks of infectious diseases. Methods A survey was conducted among HCWs of different posts in a stomatology medical institutions at a given time period by means of network questionnaire, survey results were analyzed. Results A total of 1 945 questionnaires were received, the average score of HCWs' knowledge on prevention and control of COVID -19 was 12.43 points (full score: 16 points); scores of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) among HCWs of different age, gender, professional title and work department were statistically significant (all P < 0.05), while scores of working years was not significantly different (P>0.05), the correct rates of knowledge on diagnostic criteria of suspected COVID -19 patients, environmental disinfection measures, personal protection and judgment of close contact were all low. Conclusion Stomatology medical institution can adopt intuitive flowchart for screening confirmed and suspected cases, pay attention to evidence-based research on the impact of stacking and wearing of personal protective equipment as well as air disinfection measures, and organize multi-form and multi-level training.