Objective To investigate and analyze a suspected outbreak of healthcare-associated infection (HAI) caused by human parvovirus B19 (HPV-B19). Methods Epidemiological investigation and environmental hygiene monitoring were used to investigate the rash incident among nurses in intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary first-class hospital from May 12 to May19, 2021, the possible factors for the occurrence of rash were analyzed and effective control measures were taken. Results During the hospitalization period of patients with HPV-B19 infection and hemophagocytic syndrome, there were 50 health care workers (HCWs) in ICU, including 11 doctors and 39 nurses. Eleven nurses (22.0%) developed rash on the 5th day after patients' discharge. The main rash sites were lower limbs (100.0%), most rash was red papules (45.5%), accompanied by joint pain (72.7%), superficial lymphadenec- tasis (63.6%), fatigue (54.5%), and muscle soreness (45.5%). Eleven nurses were all female, with an average age of (27.82±2.6) years. Nine nurses were tested for HPV-B19 DNA and/or specific antibody IgM, results were all positive. All nurses were given symptomatic treatment such as compound glycyrrhizin tablets, loratadine and Gangmei Ganmao granules, the rash lasted for 5-60 days. One nurse was pregnant, without abortion, fetal abnormality was not found during regular prenatal monitoring. No relevant cases have been found since the control mea-sures were taken from May 19. Conclusion This incident is a suspected outbreak of HPV-B19 HAI in ICU, clinicians need to strengthen the correct understanding of the virus as well as implement infection prevention and control measures to avoid the occurrence of HAI outbreak.