Objective To understand the implementation situation of prevention and control of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in second-level and above medical institutions in a province, so as to provide refe-rence for medical institutions to take effective measures to implement the best evidence and reduce CRBSI. Methods Questionnaire was designed base on Guideline for prevention and control of vascular catheter-related infection (2021 version), current situation of prevention and control of CRBSI in second-level and above medical institutions in a province in July 2021 was investigated. Results A total of 87 questionnaires were collected and 79 (90.8%) were available. Monitoring work (89.9%) as well as formulation of prevention and control system (94.9%) for CRBSI in 79 medical institutions were basically implemented, but the system update was lagging behind, only 78.7% of them were updated. 68.4% of the hospitals paid attention to the incidence of CRBSI in the past three years, and few hospitals paid attention to the incidence of central venous catheter (CVC), peripherally-inserted central venous catheter (PICC) and dialysis catheter-related infection, with the lowest rate of 38.9%. Pre-catheterization evaluation (100%) and sterile manipulation technology of operator during catheterization (≥97.5%) were well implemented. There were four weak points in the implementation of CRBSI prevention and control guidelines: only 3.8% of hospitals used disinfectant containing chlorhexidine concentration >0.5% for skin disinfection, 54.4% of hospitals failed to pull out catheter within 2 days when emergency catheterization could not ensure effective aseptic operation technique, 43.0% of hospitals performed catheterization in wards, and 43.0% of hospitals failed to replace additional devices within 4 hours after using catheter blood transfusion; 26.6% of hospitals indicated that intensive care unit was the department with the highest incidence of CRBSI. Conclusion At present, there is a certain gap between the implementation of prevention and control measures for CRBSI in clinical practice and the guidelines, it is recommended that medical personnel strengthen their understanding of the best practice standards, implement infection prevention and control in accordance with the guidelines, and minimize the risk of CRBSI.