The abuse of antimicrobial agents has led to a growing problem of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, and bacterial antimicrobial resistance has become a increasingly serious public health issue. This review introduces how different antimicrobial agents exert their antimicrobial effects and the mechanisms of producing bacterial antimicrobial resistance through changing cell membrane permeability, etc. In order to solve the problem of bacterial antimicrobial resistance, researchers have proposed a synergetic antimicrobial strategy by combining different antimicrobial agents, aiming to reduce the probability of bacterial resistance and improve antimicrobial efficacy through multi-target and multi-pathway action. This paper reviews the synergetic antimicrobial effects of the combined application of different antimicrobial agents from the perspective of synergistic antimicrobial mechanism. The synergetic effects of the combined application of antimicrobial peptides with traditional antimicrobial agents and their application in different fields are highlighted, aiming to further promote the innovation of antimicrobial application strategies such as antimicrobial peptides and inhibit the development of bacterial antimicrobial resistance.