Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics and species of brucellosis in patients in Chenzhou City, Hunan Province in 2021, and provide basis for the scientific prevention and control of brucellosis. Methods Clinical and epidemiological data of brucellosis cases in Chenzhou City in 2021 were collected and analyzed. The species of isolated strains were identified by AMOS polymerase chain reaction (AMOS-PCR). Results A total of 32 cases of brucellosis were reported in Chenzhou in 2021, with an incidence of 0.68/100 000. There were 26 males and 6 females, and the average age was (51.13±13.33) years old. The top three counties with the highest incidence were Linwu County (3.72/100 000), Guiyang County (0.99/100 000), and Jiahe County (0.87/100 000). The majority cases (29 in total) were reported between the months from March to September, and the age group most affected was middle-aged and young adults. Clinical manifestations of brucellosis patients were mainly fever, hyperhidrosis, fatigue, lumbago and leg pain. Brucella was isolated from the blood cultures of 14 patients with brucellosis, and identified as Brucella melitensis by AMOS-PCR. Conclusion The onset time of human brucellosis in Chenzhou City in 2021 is mainly concentrated in spring and summer, with more males than females. The onset age is mainly middle-aged and young adults. The isolated strains are mainly Brucella melitensis. The possibility of brucellosis should be considered in patients with fever accompanied by lumbago and leg pain after contact with sheep or cattle.