Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and treatment scheme of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by Cutibacterium avidum (C. avidum). Methods The diagnosis and treatment process of a patient with PJI caused by C. avidum was summarized, and relevant literatures in the database were retrieved for review. Results A 65-year-old female patient with body mass index (BMI) of 31.1 kg/m² underwent left humeral head prosthesis replacement surgery following a left proximal humerus fracture. Ten months after the surgery, the patient exhibited poor wound healing and oozing, along with limited movement of the left shoulder joint, and was diagnosed infection following shoulder arthroplasty. Patient underwent debridement of the infected lesion and removal of the prosthesis. The tissue, bone cement and prosthesis were cultured for C. avidum. Four literatures were retrieved and screened, a total of 30 patients with PJI (28 cases hip joint infection and 2 cases shoulder joint infection) caused by C. avidum were reported through literature retrieval, and 78.6% (n=22) total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgeries were performed using direct anterior approach (DAA). The positive rate of preoperative joint fluid culture was 71.4%, 29 cases underwent surgical combined with sensitive antimicrobials treatment. Except for one patient who had repeated infection and underwent three surgeries, other patients had a good prognosis. Conclusion PJI caused by C. avidum is mostly seen in THA patients who are obese and undergo DAA, with a few cases reported after shoulder arthroplasty. The high sensitivity of preoperative joint fluid culture provides an important basis for the development of surgical strategies and anti-infection protocols.