Enterogenic Candida albicans (C. albicans) infection refers to the translocation of intestinal colonized C. albicans under certain conditions, breaking through the intestinal tract, causing tissue infection or even invasive C. albicans infection. As the first contact point of Candida, the intestinal mucosa is the first line defending colonization or invasion of C. albicans, often inhibiting infection by physical barrier and activating host immunity. As another defense mechanism, the intestinal microbiota jointly resists the invasive infection of C. albican through regulating pH, secreting antimicrobial peptides, and competing for adhesion points. This review summarizes the roles of three key factors, namely intestinal mucosa, intestinal immunity and microbiota, in enterogenic C. albicans infection, providing new ideas for scientific research on invasive candidiasis caused by intestinal colonization.