Objective To analyze the status and influencing factors of rifampicin resistance in re-treated pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients registered in Chongqing City, and provide basis for the prevention and control of drug-resistant tuberculosis in this city. Methods Descriptive epidemiological method was adopted to analyze the status of rifampicin resistance in re-treated PTB patients registered in districts and counties of Chongqing City from 2018 to 2022. Chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors for the status of ri-fampicin resistance in re-treated PTB patients. Results The detection rate of rifampicin resistance in re-treated PTB patients in districts and counties of Chongqing City from 2018 to 2022 was 14.45% (558/3 862), presenting an overall downward trend (χ²_trend=22.739, P < 0.001). Univariate analysis showed that among re-treated PTB patients, the detection rate of rifampicin resistance was the highest among migrant population, residents in urban areas, workers, and migrant workers (all P < 0.05); rifampicin resistance decreased with the increase of age (P _trend < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of rifampicin resistance gradually decreased with the increase of age; OR value decreased from 2.778 in the < 25 year old group to 1.654 in the ≥45 year old group (all P < 0.001). The risk factors for rifampicin resistance in re-treated PTB patients were migrant population, residents in urban areas, workers, and migrant workers, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Although the detection rate of rifampicin resistance in re-treated PTB patients in Chongqing has been decreasing year by year, the situation is still severe, and special attention should be paid to the migrant population, young population, population in the main urban areas, and migrant workers.