Objective To understand the disease acceptance status and related factors in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected/acquired immunodeficiency syndrom (AIDS) patients, so as to guide the clinical development of intervention measures, and to provide empirical evidence for improving clinical outcomes. Methods Convenience sampling method was used to select 555 HIV-infected/AIDS patients who received treatment in the designated AIDS treatment clinic of a hospital. General data, disease acceptance, disease self-management efficacy and clinical outcomes (such as quality of life, CD4⁺T lymphocyte count and HIV viral load) of the studied subjects were collected. Results The average disease acceptance of HIV-infected/AIDS patients was (26.08±5.34) points. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that religious belief and self-management efficacy were related factors affecting the di-sease acceptance of patients (both P<0.05), which could explain the 30.4% variation in disease acceptance of HIV-infected/AIDS patients, and the disease acceptance of patients was closely related to their quality of life (P<0.001). Conclusion HIV-infected/AIDS patients have a moderate level of disease acceptance. Medical staff should fully consider patients’ religious beliefs and self-management efficacy, so as to formulate targeted intervention mea-sures to improve patients’ acceptance of disease, and further promote patients’ quality of life.