Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection at the end of 2019, its global research has become a hot spot. The tendency of coronavirus infection mainly depends on the ability of spike protein (S protein) binding to receptors on the cell surface. S protein and its receptor binding domain (S-RBD) not only play a key role in the binding of virus to host cells and the entry of virus into cells, they can also bind to host cell surface receptors such as angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), Toll-like receptor (TLRs), cluster of differentiation (CD)147, and neuropilin 1 (NRP-1), activating different signaling pathways, thus promoting virus to invade host cells and trigger a series of pathogenic processes such as inflammation. Therefore, it is of great significance to study receptors involving in the interaction between S protein and host cells. This article reviews the receptors related to the interaction between S protein and host cells, so as to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.