Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PaeP). Methods Peritoneal dialysis-associated peritonitis (PDAP) patients who were followed up in the nephrology outpatient department of a hospital from January 2019 to December 2020 were analyzed retrospectively. According to bacterial culture results, patients were divided into the PaeP group and non-PaeP group. Clinical characteristics of PaeP patients and antimicrobial susceptibility testing results of Pseudomonas aeruginosa were analyzed, clinical manifestations, laboratory test results, and prognosis of two groups of patients were compared. Results A total of 124 peritoneal dialysis patients were included in analysis, 164 cases of peritonitis occurred, 16 cases were in the PaeP group and 148 in the non-PaeP group. 11 patients developed 16 episodes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, accounting for 8.9% of PDAP patients. Among them, 4 patients had peritoneal dialysis catheter exit-site infection, with 5 recurrence cases, 1 case cured, 1 case died, and 9 cases were extubated. Among the extubated patients, 1 withdrew dialysis, 3 were recovered to peritoneal dialysis after hemodialysis, 5 changed to permanently hemodialysis, with a technical failure rate of 54.5%. Compared with the non-PaeP group, patients in the PaeP group had a shorter dialysis time (13.83±4.92 vs 38.53±35.77 months). During the infection period, C-reactive protein levels were higher (96.61±6.17 vs 45.87±44.65 mg/L), while albumin levels were lower (25.62±4.42 vs 29.46±8.25 g/L). At the onset of infection, the proportion of polymorphonuclear cells in peritoneal dialysis fluid was relatively higher. On the 5th day of treatment, the negative conversion rate of white blood cell count in peritoneal dialysis fluid was relatively low. Differences were all statistically significant (all P<0.05). The cure rate of patients in the PaeP group was lower than that in the non-PaeP group, the technical failure rate was higher than that in the non-PaeP group, both with statistically significant differences (both P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mortality between two groups of patients (P>0.05). Conclusion PaeP patients have severe clinical manifestations, poor clinical treatment prognosis, high recurrence and extubation rates. For patients with repeated episodes, resetting and replacing the tunnel after extubation is an effective means to reduce technical failures.