Severe Chlamydia psittaci (C. psittaci) pneumonia with sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL)as the initial symptom is clinically rare. This paper reports a case of C. psittaci pneumonia whose initial symptom was hearing loss. During the disease course, clinical manifestations such as high fever, cough, and shortness of breath appeared successively. Chest CT results suggested pulmonary infection. After metagenomic next-generation sequencing of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, the diagnosis of C. psittaci pneumonia was confirmed. After anti-infection treatment with moxifloxacin combined with doxycycline, hearing loss and pulmonary infection improved significantly. Combined with literature review, this study systematically explores the epidemiological characteristics, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment schemes, and prevention strategies of C. psittaci pneumonia, aiming to provide diagnostic and treatment references for clinicians and microbiology laboratories to achieve early diagnosis and treatment, avoid misdiagnosis and underdiagnosis, and improve patient prognosis.