Objective To explore the main clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment process, as well as prognostic factors of invasive mucormycosis complicated with thrombotic diseases. Methods Five cases of invasive mucormycosis complicated with thrombotic diseases and admitted to a hospital from January 2021 to January 2025 were analyzed retrospectively. Furthermor, such cases reported both domestically and internationally were summarized. Results A total of 33 patients were included in the analysis (14 males and 19 females), with 21 deaths and 12 survivors, yielding a mortality of 63.64%. 31 patients had one or more underlying diseases, while only 2 had no history of underlying diseases. The clinical manifestations of all patients showed varying degrees of infection and poisoning symptoms (such as fever, cough, shortness of breath, swelling, pain and bleeding of lesions, and shock, etc.) or thrombotic diseases-induced manifestations, such as disturbance of consciousness, sensory and motor disorders, organ function damage, etc. Pathogenicity results showed that 7 cases were positive for direct smearing in microscopic examination, 11 cases were positive for fungal culture, 9 cases were positive for molecular biology detection, 20 cases were positive for pathological biopsy, and 4 cases were positive for autopsy, only 17 cases were identified with specific genera of Mucor. Thrombosis was diagnosed through imaging examination (including ultrasound, arterial vascular imaging, angiography, etc.). In routine blood tests, thrombus indicators like D-dimer, fibrin degradation products (FDP), thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), and plasmin-α2-plasmin inhibitor complex (PIC) presented abnormality in all 5 patients in this hospital. Among the 33 cases, 29 cases (87.88%) were treated with a regimen containing amphotericin B, and 14 cases (42.42%) underwent lesion resection or debridement treatment. The survival rates of patients treated with different methods were statistically different (P<0.05). Among the 12 patients survived, 83.33% received amphotericin B combined with other antifungal treatment. Conclusion Mucormycosis combined with thrombotic diseases has poor therapeutic efficacy, high mortality, and often occurs in immunocompromised patients complicated with underlying diseases. Examination methods include microscopy, fungal culture, pathological diagnosis, and molecular biology detection. Imaging diagnosis is crucial in the clinical diagnosis of thrombotic diseases, and antifungal treatment scheme significantly affects the prognosis of patients.