Objective To investigate and analyze a public health emergency caused by Vibrio cholerae O1 infection in Beijing in 2022, and provide scientific basis for the prevention and control of cholera epidemic. Methods On-site epidemiological and traceability investigation were carried out according to the "Work plan for cholera surveillance and epidemic disposal in Beijing (2016 edition)", and various epidemic disposal measures were strictly implemented. Results A total of 1 confirmed case, 3 asymptomatic carriers, and 1 suspected case of cholera were reported in this epidemic, all of whom had exposure history at the same restaurant. Culture results after isolation and purification of specimens from 4 cases and 1 toilet swab specimen from the asymptomatic carrier Zhao’s home showed positive results of Vibrio cholerae O1 serotype Ogawa and oxidase test. Three restaurant environment swab specimens showed positive results for the rfb gene of Vibrio cholerae O1 by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) detection. The epidemic was effectively controlled after implementing relevant prevention and control measures, without second-generation infection or death case. Conclusion This epidemic is speculated to have been caused by the consumption of food contaminated by Vibrio cholerae O1, which suggests that daily surveillance and supervision of the catering industry should be strengthened, and promotion of knowledge about intestinal infectious diseases should be carried out actively to reduce the risk of epidemic occurrence.