This study reports a case of bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by Wohlfahrtiimonas chitiniclastica (W. chitiniclastica) in China for the first time. A single M1 strain was isolated from two blood cultures of the patient, confirming its independent pathogenicity without coinfection. The automated microbial identification system and mass spectrometry failed to accurately identify strain M1. Whole genome sequencing successfully classified it as W. chitiniclastica. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing revealed that M1 was sensitive to ticarcillin/clavulanic acid, cefepime, ceftazidime, imipenem, meropenem, tobramycin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin, while resistance to piperacillin/tazobactam. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the M1 strain had the highest affinity with the German strain, suggesting the risk of intercontinental transmission. In addition, there was a close evolutionary relationship between isolates from different hosts, providing strong evidence for their cross-species transmission.