ObjectiveTo study the risk factors for postcraniotomy intracranial infection in patients in department of neurosurgery, and provide reference for the prevention and control of intracranial infection. MethodsThirtyeight  patients with intracranial infection and 68 patients without intracranial infection from January to August  2006 were investigated through casecontrol study  of  patients’ general information, basic diseases, main diagnosis, operation, antimicrobial use, invasive procedure, length of hospitalization and operation medical personnel etc.ResultsUnivariate regression analysis showed  there were significant difference in main  diagnoses of patients, the craniotomy method, staying in ICU, duration of operation, length of hospitalization, indwelling ureter, use of H2 receptor antagonists (including proton pump inhibitor) and operation medical personnel between  two groups (P<0.05); multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that duration of operation and operation medical personnel were independent factors for postcraniotomy intracranial infection.ConclusionPostcraniotomy intracranial infection in patients is related with duration of operation, operation skill and sterile awareness of operation medical personnel.