ObjectiveTo study the risk factors for infection with extendedspectrum βlactamases (ESBLs)producing gramnegative bacilli in  a general traditional Chinese medicine hospital.MethodsGramnegative bacilli isolated from specimens of inpatients between  October 2006 and October 2008 were performed   ESBLs confirmatory test, and the risk factors of ESBLsproducing strain infection were analysed by χ2 test and Logistic  regression method. ResultsA total of 567 strains were collected, 137 (24.16%) of which produced ESBLs. The ESBLsproducing strain infection had a relationship with length of hospitalization  in ICU for more than 3 days, indwelling urinary catheter, tracheal intubation, bad ward environment and using the third generation cephalosporins. ConclusionThis hospital has an average level in ESBLsproducing gramnegative bacilli infection. Length of hospitalization  in ICU for more than 3 days, invasive operation, bad ward environment and the third generation cephalosporin application are the risk factors for ESBLsproducing strain infection.