ObjectiveTo evaluate the economic loss caused by upper respiratory tract infection, lower respiratory tract infection, urinary tract infection and  surgical wound infection from the point of health economy. MethodsBased on 1∶1 matching method, health resource expense of 100 patients ［patients with nosocomial infection (NI, infection group) and patients without NI (control group)］ were compared, and economic evaluation were carried out.  ResultsThe median of total hospitalization expenses of each case were 22 379.01 and 7 611.52 yuan in  infection and control group respectively, infection group was significantly higher than control group (Z=-6.72, P=0.00).The economic loss varied from infection sites, the highest loss was caused by  lower respiratory tract infection, which were 21 701.03 yuan,the following were urinary tract infection, surgical wound infection and upper respiratory tract infection, which were 6 374.52, 5 849.04 and 3 598.00 yuan  respectively; The main increased expenses of hospitalization were medicine cost, laboratory test cost, material cost, therapy costs and disposable fee; The median of hospitalization days of each patient in infection group and control group were 24.51 and 11.00 days respectively, there was significant difference between the two(Z=-7.84, P=0.00). ConclusionThe economic loss are large caused by NI, the loss varied from infection sites, hospitalization days were prolonged by NI.