ObjectiveTo study effective ways of management of antimicrobial agents, so as to  promote rational use  of antimicrobial agents.MethodsAntimicrobial application policy was made, a group of supervisors for rational use of antimicrobial  agents in clinic was set up, regular quality control and check was undertaken. Antimicrobial application before (2005) and after (2007) performing management was compared. ResultsThrough  performing management of antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial application rate dropped from 83.34% to 52.69%(χ2=608.81, P<0.001), prophylactic  application rate dropped from 49.23% to 28.86%(χ2=252.31, P<0.001); perioperative antimicrobial application rate(0.5~2 hours before operation) dropped from 83.14% to 76.12%(χ2=94.51,P<0.001), nonuse rate of antimicrobial agents before operation increased from 58.43% to 73.00% (χ2=301.21, P<0.001); surgical wound infection rate decreased from 3.08% to 2.34%(χ2=6.56, P<0.05). ConclusionThrough  strict management of antimicrobial agents, antimicrobial application rate and prophylactic  application rate decreased markedly, and surgical wound infection rate also decreased obviously.