ObjectiveTo establish the concept of “monitor during preventive process” as well as  the feasibility of surveillance and control method, and apply the method on the control of indwelling urinary catheterassociated urinary tract infection(UTI). Methods155 inpatients who received indwelling urinary catheter in a neurology department between January and July, 2007 were as control group, 141  inpatients who received indwelling urinary catheter between August, 2007 and February, 2008 were as trial group; Control group received routine nursing for indwelling catheter, trial group received monitor during preventive process (such as evaluation, supervision and education) in addition to routine nursing.ResultsIndwelling urinary catheterassociated UTI in trial group and control group was 4.26% and 16.13%, the former was significantly lower than the latter (χ2=11.10, P<0.01); In trial group, the duration of catheterization in 70% patients was within 13.10 days, which was significantly lower than 18 days in control group; When duration of catheterization were 11-30 days,>30 days, urinary catheterassociated UTI in  trial group was 6.67% and 16.67% respectively, which was obviously lower than 30.77% and 57.89% in control group(χ2=8.27, P<0.01; χ2=5.13, P<0.05).ConclusionMonitor during  preventive process can prevent nosocomial infection effectively.