ObjectiveTo investigate  nosocomial infection (NI) prevalence in a hospital, so as to provide reference for NI control ．MethodsThe bedside survey  and hospital records checkup were taken to survey NI prevalence rates in inpatients with a crosssectional method on November 26, 2009．Results1 765 inpatients were investigated， NI prevalence rate was 4.19%， case prevalence rate was 4.42%. The main site of NI was lower respiratory tract ( 35.90%); The usage rate of antimicrobial agents was 50.20%, 53.05% of which was prophylactic use, 26.92% of inpatients who received antimicrobial agents were delivered samples for pathogenic detection. Univariate analysis showed that immunosuppressant, chemotherapy, tracheotomy, indwelling drainage, urinary catheterization, glucocorticoid, and cancer were the risk factors for NI.ConclusionThe crosssectional investigation can offer evidence for target surveillance of NI．