ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence, clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of AIDS patients with deep fungal infection in Changsha.MethodsClinical data of 480 cases of AIDS treated in a hospital between April 2003 and December 2009 were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsOf 480 AIDS cases,58(12.08%) had complications of deep fungal infection. The main clinical characteristics of these patients were:fever, cough(dry cough without sputum or less sputum), abdominal pain, diarrhea(watery diarrhea),skin lesion(papular eruption,exanthema haemorrhagicum,ecchymosis), pathogenic leanness, disturbance of consciousness, anemia,hepatosplenomegaly, and lymphadenectasis .The major pathogens were Penicillium marneffei （27 cases，46.55%）, followed by Cryptococcus neoformans (16 cases, 27.59%, cryptococcal meningitis). All 58 patients were treated with amphotericin B, fluconazole,and flucytosin based on drug susceptibility testing result, 50 (86.21%) patients were cured after treatment.ConclusionThe incidence of deep fungal infection in AIDS patients are high. The key to the improvement of prognosis are early diagnosis, timely and effective antifungal treatment and highly active antiretroviral therapy.