ObjectiveTo evaluate the distribution and drugresistance of pathogens isolated from acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients with bacteremia, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe isolation and drug susceptibility of pathogens in blood culture of AIDS patients who were hospitalized between January 2009 and December 2010 were analyzed retrospectively, and compared with blood culture result of other patients during the same hospitalization period.ResultsA total of 9 554 blood specimens were collected, 1 522 of which were from AIDS patients, 77 blood specimens from AIDS patients and 571 from the other patients were positive for blood culture. The main isolated pathogens in AIDS patients were fungi(81.82%), the isolation rate of Penicillium marneffei, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Kluyveromyces marxianus was 66.23%,7.79%， and 5.19% respectively, bacterial infection was sporadic (18.18%); the major pathogens in blood culture of the other patients was bacteria (91.42%), while fungi was 8.58%; the difference in pathogens in blood culture between two groups was significant (χ2=254.55,P<0.01). Penicillium marneffei exhibited low sensitivity to amphotericin B and fluconazole, while Cryptococcus neoformans and Kluyveromyces marxianus were sensitive to antifungal agents.ConclusionThe key to the control of infection in AIDS patients with bacteremia is to strengthen epidemiological survey and find pathogens as soon as possible.