ObjectiveTo investigate the epidemiology and drug resistance of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) from hospital and community, so as to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.MethodsThe isolation, identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of S. aureus from inpatients and outpatients from January 2008 to January 2010 were performed, epidemiological data of infected patients were studied.ResultsA total of 140 communityassociated(CA) and 135 healthcareassociated(HA) S. aureus isolates were collected, isolation rate of methicillinresistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in two groups was 22.86%（32/140）and 50.37%（68/135） respectively，the difference was significantly different (χ2=22.482，P=0.000); the main isolation sites of two groups were skin and soft tissue and respiratory tract, but constituent ratio was significantly different (χ2=79.741，P=0.000), CAS.aureus had more sources of isolation sites. HAS.aureus had higher resistant rate to ampicillin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, rifampicin, ciprofloxacin,and imipenem than that of CAS.aureus (all P<0.01).ConclusionCAS.aureus varied from HAS.aureus in infection sites and antimicrobial resistance, pathogenic detection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing should be performed timely, antimicrobial agents should be chosen rationally, and disinfection and isolation should be paid more attention, so as to avoid the transmission of S.aureus in family and hospital.