ObjectiveTo observe the sequential prevalence rate of antiHCV and the rate of seroconversion to antiHCV positive for a year in maintenance hemodialysis (HD)patients, and evaluate the effect of prevention and control measures.MethodsFrom March 2010 to May 2011， 75 patients who received HD in a hospital for at least one month were followed up for 14 months. Patients were divided into 2 groups, group 1: 32 patients were under observation from March 2010; group 2: 43 patients were under observation subsequently. HCV infection in two groups were compared.ResultsThe positive rate of HCV in 75 patients was 6.67%(5/75). The positive in group 1 and group 2 was 9.38%(3/32) and 4.65%(2/43) respectively, there was no significant difference between two groups(χ2=0.645, P>0.361).The yearly seroconversion rate to antiHCV positive of two groups was 8.25%.ConclusionHCV seroconversion rate in HD patients in this hospital is high, strict control and prevention measures for HCVinfected patients are of great importance for the prevention of HCV transmission among hemodialysis patients．