ObjectiveTo investigate the causes of an outbreak of Burkholderia cepacia(B. cepacia) vascular catheterrelated bloodstream infection(CRBSI) in an oncology department, and provide the basis for the prevention and control of healthcareassociated infection.MethodsEpidemiological investigation was performed by combination of clinical data analysis and onsite sampling .ResultsThe occurrence time of 11 B. cepacia CRBSI cases concentrated on February 18(1 case), 19 (1 case), 20 (6 cases), 21 (1 case), and 22 (2 cases) of 2008, respectively ; all patients were intubated in the femoral vein, isolated B. cepacia from blood cultures ,and used the same bag of heparin sodium sealing solution. Bacterial culture results of heparin sodium sealing solution , disposable syringes, and environmental samples were all qualified, only 1 tube of used heparin sodium sealing solution (all patients shared this tube) isolated B. cepacia, antimicrobial susceptibility test result was the same as B. cepacia from patients’ blood culture result. Measures were taken promptly, the deep venous catheters were removed, and antiinfective therapy was adopted ,none of the patient isolated bacteria from blood cultures 7 days later， and no identical case emerged again. ConclusionContamination of heparin sodium sealing solution by B. cepacia is the cause of this CRBSI ,through active treatment , infection is controlled.