ObjectiveTo investigate the occurrence of ventilatorassociated pneumonia(VAP) in an intensive care unit (ICU), and evaluate the efficacy of intervention measures.MethodsPatients receiving mechanical ventilation for >48 h in an ICU from January 2010 to June 2012 were performed targeted surveillance, problems were found out and intervened, incidence of VAP and compliance with infection control measures before and after intervention were compared.ResultsA total of 1 724 patients with mechanical ventilation were investigated, 21.93%(378 cases) of whom developed VAP; incidence of VAP in 2010 and JanuaryJune 2012 was 51.54‰ and 19.53‰ respectively（χ2=12.13，P＜0.01）. The amount of consumption of hand sanitizer and liquid soap per patient per day in 2010, 2011 and JanuaryJune 2012 was 5.21mL/HD,10.98mL/HD and 30.48 mL/HD respectively.ConclusionThe incidence of VAP in this ICU is high, VAP can be controlled effectively through the enforcement of intervention measures and health care workers' compliance with infection control measures.