ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of targeted monitor and comprehensive intervention measures for promoting rational use of perioperative antimicrobial agents in vitrectomy.MethodsClinical data of 160 patients receiving vitrectomy between March 2011 and September 2012 were collected, patients were divided into preintervention group(80 cases receiving vitrectomy between March and December 2011, antimicrobial use was not intervened) and postintervention group (80 cases receiving vitrectomy between January and September 2012, antimicrobial use was intervened). The postoperative infection rates, antimicrobial prophylaxis,and expense and so on between two groups were compared.ResultsThere was no surgical site infection in both groups. The average duration of antimicrobial use in postintervention group was significantly shorter than that of preintervention group(［1.81±1.52］ d vs ［4.02±1.67］ d, P＜0.01）;the rate of perioperative prophylactic antimicrobial use and duration of postoperative antimicrobial use＞48 h in preintervention group were both significantly higher than those of postintervention group (100.00%［80/80］ vs 28.75%［23/80］; 82.50%［66/80］ vs 18.75%［3/16］; both P＜0.05）;the cost of antimicrobial drugs,total drug cost, and total hospitalization cost in postintervention group was significantly lower than those of preintervention group (［151.47±6.64］ vs ［507.96±7.67］;［922.56±8.46］ vs ［1 444.63±11.65］;［8 842.43±8.76］ vs ［9 891.92±10.93］）yuan (P＜0.01），ConclusionTargeted monitor and comprehensive intervention measures can promote the rational perioperative antimicrobial use in vitrectomy and reduce the medical cost of patients.