ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy of plandocheckact (PDCA) cycle management in standardizing antimicrobial application in type Ⅰincision operation.MethodsPatients with type Ⅰincision operation between January and June 2011 were selected as prePDCA group; according to three cycles of PDCA, all patients with type Ⅰincision operation between July 2011 and December 2012 were divided into three groups. According to plan，do，check and act procedure of PDCA cycle， antimicrobial use in typeⅠincision were managed and controlled, case control study on the rationality of antimicrobial use before and after the implementation of PDCA were performed.ResultsAntimicrobial use in type Ⅰincision operation decreased from 100.00%(101/101) before implementing PDCA to 36.09%(61/169) after implementing  three cycles of PDCA, the difference was significant(χ2=135.66,P＜0.001）；antimicrobial rational usage increased from 62.38%（63/101） to 81.97%（50/61），the difference was significant (χ2=8.29,P=0.04).Before implementing PDCA, 51.49%(52/101) of patients used antimicrobial agents >3 days; after implementing three cycles of PDCA, 7.69% of patients used antimicrobial agents >3 days,postoperative antimicrobial use was more rational than before, there was no combination use of antimicrobial agents.ConclusionPDCA cycle is obviously effective in standardization the rational use of antimicrobial agents in type Ⅰincision operation.