ObjectiveTo analyze the status of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) and characteristics of pathogens in patients with traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular diseases, and evaluate prevention and control measures.MethodsClinical data of 236 patients with traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular diseases in a hospital from 2008 to 2010 were analyzed retrospectively.ResultsA total of 29 patients developed 50 times of HAI, HAI rate was 12.29%, HAI case rate was 21.19%, HAI case rate of respiratory system, urinary system, oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract,skin and soft tissue, and other sites was 46.00%（n=23），30.00%（n=15），8.00%（n=4），6.00%（n=3），4.00%（n=2），and 6.00%（n=3）respectively. A total of 69 pathogenic strains were detected，percentage of gramnegative bacteria was 65.22%（n=45），the major were Pseudomonas aeruginosa（n=17）, Klebsiella pneumoniae（n=12）, Escherichia coli（n=10）, and Acinetobacter baumannii（n=4）；percentage of grampositive bacteria was 30.43%（n=21），the major were Staphylococcus aureus（n=11）, Staphylococcus epidermidis （n=7）,Streptococcus spp.（n=2）；percentage of fungi was 4.35%（n=3）.ConclusionHAI in patients with traumatic brain injury and cerebrovascular diseases is high, the main infection site is respiratory system, the main pathogens are gramnegative bacteria. Preventive and control measures should be taken accordingly.