ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of special rectification of clinical antimicrobial use in a hospital.MethodsMedical records of patients receiving inguinal hernia repair before (in 2011) and after (in 2012) the performance of special rectification  were reviewed, and the rationality of perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis was compared. ResultsProphylactic antimicrobial usage rate in patients receiving  inguinal hernia repair decreased from 53.90%(76/114) in 2011 to 5.59%(10/179) in 2012, the difference was significant   (χ2=93.68，P＜0.05) ; average expense of antimicrobial use per patient decreased by  86.95% (from ￥ 624.73  in 2011 to ￥ 81.52  in 2012)；Combination use and single use was 93.42% and 80. 00% respectively.Surgical site infection did not occur in both groups. ConclusionThrough the special rectification activities of the clinical antimicrobial use, perioperative antimicrobial prophylaxis  and expense of antimicrobial agents in patients receiving inguinal hernia repair is effectively reduced.