ObjectiveTo investigate the incidence  of sharp injury (SI) among health care workers(HCWs) in different levels of hospitals in Gansu Province, so as to improve HCWs’ precaution awareness, standardize behavior, and provide guide for making occupational precaution measures. MethodsFrom January to December 2012, HCWs in 38 medical institutes in Gansu Province were selected with stratified random sampling, HCWs were surveyed through questionnaires and interview.    ResultsA total of 11 358 questionnaires were received, the incidence of SI was 9.87%(n=1 121), case rate was 12.60%(n=1 431), the frequency of SI was 1.05 times/ (person·month). SI rates of different genders, positions and years of working were statistically different (all P<0.05). The main medical devices causing SI were syringe needle, venous transfusion scalp needle and surgical suture . SI caused by known sources  were 1 099 times (76.80%); 980 times (68.48%) of  SI  were induced by contaminated sources, 474 (48.37%) of which were bloodborne diseases, bloodborne disease exposure accounted for 33.12%. Among bloodborne disease exposure, hepatitis B virus  accounted for 74.25%, Treponema pallidun 13.10%，hepatitis C virus 12.01% ,and human immunodeficiency virus 0.64%.   ConclusionThere is a high incidence rate of SI among HCWs in Gansu Province, it is a very important public health problem which needs to be solved.