ObjectiveTo study the risk factors for surgical site infections (SSIs) in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. MethodsSixty  patients who received hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery and suffered SSIs from January 2006 to January 2010 were selected as infections group, 119 patients who also received hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery but didn’t develop infection were as control group,  retrospective investigation was performed. ResultsUnivariate analysis revealed the associated factors for postoperative SSIs were  age, history of cardiocerebrovascular disease, history of abdominal surgery, history of smoking, preoperative anemia, abnormal preoperative coagulation  and  blood sugar, preoperative infection, use of laparoscope, incision type, duration of operation, ASA score, postoperative  drainage and dressing chang within 24 hours of postoperation(all P<0.05). Multivariate analysis revealed that abdominal surgery history (OR95%CI：3.09［1.21-7.91］), high NISS score (OR95%CI：6.18［2.41-15.85］) were risk factors of SSIs in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery, and dressing chang within 48 hours of postsurgery were protective factor (OR95%CI:3.81［1.56-9.34］).ConclusionHistory of abdominal surgery and high score of NISS are major risk factors for SSIs in patients with hepatobiliary and pancreatic surgery. To reduce the risk of SSIs, blood glucose should be actively adjusted， anemia and coagulation abnormalities should be treated; duration of operation should be shortened as far as possible,  wound should be kept clean and dressing should be changed timely after surgery.