ObjectiveTo realize the risk factors for postoperative healthcareassociated infection (HAI) in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery, so as to take effective intervention measures and reduce the occurrence of HAI. MethodsProspective and retrospective survey were adopted to analyze the occurrence of HAI and related risk factors for postoperative HAI in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery in 2013. ResultsOf 432 patients, 58 developed 63 times of HAI, HAI rate was 13.43%，case infection rate was 14.58%. The main infection sites were lower respiratory tract (57.14%) and surgical site (38.09%).56 pathogenic strains were isolated, the major were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (46.43%), followed by Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumonia. Univariate analysis revealed that tracheotomy, length of hospital stay, operative time, intraoperative antimicrobial use were risk factors for HAI in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery(all P<0.05).ConclusionThe important measures for reducing HAI in patients undergoing oral and maxillofacial malignant tumor surgery are shortening the duration of surgery and length of hospital stay, taking active intervention, implementing hand hygiene, and using antimicrobial agents rationally.