ObjectiveTo investigate the basic status of healthcareassociated infection(HAI) in a hospital, and  provide evidence for strengthening HAI management. MethodsA crosssectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence rates of HAI in all hospitalized patients at 0∶00-24∶00 of May 7,2014. ResultsA total of 2 262 patients were supposed to be investigated, while 2 253 (99.60%) patients were actually investigated, 586 of whom (26.01%) came from pulmonary hospital(specialized in tuberculosis) affiliated to the general hospital.  53 patients developed 58 times of HAI, prevalence rate and case prevalence rate was 2.35%  and  2.57% respectively; 1 073 patients developed 1 265 times of communityacquired infection (CAI), prevalence rate and case prevalence rate was 47.63% and 56.15% respectively. Rates of HAI and CAI were high in intensive care unit（ICU, 21.28%） and pulmonary hospital（99.49%） respectively； the main infection site was lower respiratory tract, which accounting for 46.55%（n=27） and 69.72%（n=882）respectively. The major pathogens causing HAI were gramnegative bacteria(n=19), and the major pathogens causing CAI were Mycobacteria(n=141) and fungi (n=89). The  rate of antimicrobial usage and etiological examination was 34.80%(n=784 ) and 81.48%(n=550 ) respectively. ConclusionIn order to prevent cross infection of tuberculosis and reduce the incidence of HAI, lower respiratory tract and ICU should be one of the key infection sites and departments of HAI surveillance, treatment and management of patients with tuberculosis should be standardized,  professional  precaution of health care workers should be enhanced