ObjectiveTo explore the risk factors for infection following percutaneous nephrolithotomy(PCNL),and provide the basis for prevention of postoperative infection.Methods96 patients who were performed PCNL in a hospital between August 2010 and August 2013 were chosen, clinical data of patients were retrospectively analyzed, the occurrence of postoperative infection, risk factors and isolated pathogens were analyzed.Results35 patients (36.46%［35/96］）developed infection following PCNL.  Univariate analysis revealed that risk factors for postoperative infection were the size and shape of stone, duration of operation, and intraoperative perfusion (all P<0.05). 96 patients before operation and 18 patients after operation were performed bacterial culture for urine, a total of 39 strains were isolated, the main isolated pathogens was  Escherichia coli (n=12),   followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=8),  Streptococcus viridans (n=5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=4) and Enterobacter cloacae (n=3). ConclusionInfection rate following PCNL is high, duration of operation and intraoperative perfusion should be reduced, antimicrobial agents should be used rationally.