ObjectiveTo understand the status of intensive care unitacquired lower respiratory tract infection (ICULRTI), and the distribution characteristics of pathogens, so as to provide the basis for taking preventive and control measures, and scientific diagnosis and treatment for patients.  MethodsTargeted monitoring data on healthcareassociated infection (HAI) in ICUs of 32 hospitals in a province in 2013 were investigated retrospectively. ResultsThe incidence of ICULRTI was 5.79%, ventilator usage rate  was 31.25%, incidence of ventilatorassociated pneumonia(VAP) was 26.93‰;There was no linear correlation between ventilator usage rate and incidence of VAP（r=0.160，P=0.380）. A total of 1 593 pathogens causing LRTI were detected, the major were gramnegative bacteria （75.77 %,n=1 207）, followed by grampositive bacteria（18.21%,n=290），fungi（5.90%,n=94），Mycoplasma pneumonia and other pathogens（0.12 %, n=1 for each）.The top five detected pathogens causing LRTI were Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, accounting for 25.49%, 15.26%, 14.63%, 13.37% and 5.09% respectively.ConclusionTargeted monitoring on ICU is helpful for realizing healthcareassociated  LRTI, each hospital should conduct targeted monitor to find out the causes of HAI, as well as improve the awareness of VAP among ICU health care workers.